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PDOC00473
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1995-07-26
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* Transglutaminases active site *
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Transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13) (TGase) [1,2] are calcium-dependent enzymes
that catalyze the cross-linking of proteins by promoting the formation of
isopeptide bonds between the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamine in one
polypeptide chain and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine in a second
polypeptide chain. TGases also catalyze the conjugation of polyamines to
proteins.
The best known transglutaminase is blood coagulation factor XIII, a plasma
tetrameric protein composed of two catalytic A subunits and two non-catalytic
B subunits. Factor XIII is responsible for cross-linking fibrin chains, thus
stabilizing the fibrin clot.
Other forms of transglutaminases are widely distributed in various organs,
tissues and body fluids. Sequence data is available for the following forms
of TGase:
- Tissue transglutaminase (TGase C), a monomeric ubiquitous enzyme located in
the cytoplasm.
- Transglutaminase K (Tgase K), a membrane-bound enzyme found in mammalian
epidermis and important for the formation of the cornified cell envelope.
A conserved cysteine is known to be involved in the catalytic mechanism of
TGases.
The erythrocyte membrane band 4.2 protein, which probably plays an important
role in regulating the shape of erythrocytes and their mechanical properties,
is evolutionary related to TGases. However the active site cysteine is
substituted by an alanine and the 4.2 protein does not show TGase activity.
-Consensus pattern: G-Q-[CA]-W-V-x-A-[GA]-V-x(2)-T-x-L-R-C-L-G
[The first C is the active site residue]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-Last update: June 1992 / Text revised.
[ 1] Ichinose A., Bottenus R.E., Davie E.W.
J. Biol. Chem. 265:13411-13414(1990).
[ 2] Greenberg C.S., Birckbichler P.J., Rice R.H.
FASEB J. 5:3071-3077(1991).